Immediate, intermediate and late postoperative complications of kidney transplantation in a secondary care hospital: analysis of 13 years of experience (2005–2018)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48193/q38z9k06Keywords:
kidney transplantation, postoperative complications, graft rejection, chronic graft nephropathy, MexicoAbstract
Introduction: postoperative complications after kidney transplantation occur in up to 30 % of cases. In Mexico, despite an increase in procedures, data on outcomes and complication rates remain scarce.
Objective: to identify the main postoperative complications in patients undergoing kidney transplantation at a secondary-level hospital.
Materials and methods: an observational, analytical, retrospective study was conducted on patients with chronic kidney disease who underwent renal transplantation between 2005 and 2018 at a secondary-level hospital. The frequency and type of postoperative complications were analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using chi-square tests with relative risk at a 95 % confidence level and a 5 % margin of error.
Results: a total of 120 patients were included 65 % male, with a mean age of 43.3 ± 17.3 years. The overall prevalence of complications was 85 %. The most frequent were urological 43.7 %, infectious 40.5 %, vascular 19.1 %, wound-related 18.4 %, and drug-induced nephrotoxicity 10 %. Graft rejection occurred in 18.8 % of cases. Chronic graft nephropathy (OR=2.7; p=0.003), ureteral fistula (OR=2.6; p=0.016), recurrent urinary tract infection (OR=2.01; p=0.05), and vascular alterations (OR=6.22; p<0.001) were the variables most associated with graft rejection.
Conclusions: a high prevalence of postoperative complications was observed among kidney transplant recipients, although mortality remained low. Early detection and appropriate management of these complications are crucial to improving graft survival and reducing morbidity.
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