Hospitalizaciones por urolitiasis durante la gestación en México entre 2020 y 2024: estudio observacional retrospectivo

Resumen

Introduction: urolithiasis is a pathology characterized by the development of calculi in the urinary tract, which can lead to severe complications if not timely identified. During pregnancy, urolithiasis can cause maternal-fetal complications, increasing the risk of preeclampsia and intrauterine mortality. Epidemiological studies on urolithiasis in Mexico are scarce; therefore, understanding the epidemiology and disease patterns during gestation is crucial for public and clinical health.

Objective: to describe the geographical, clinical, and sociodemographic characteristics of hospitalizations for urolithiasis during pregnancy in Mexico (2020–2024).

Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective observational study was conducted. We utilized hospital discharge data from the Ministry of Health (Secretaría de Salud) between 2020 and 2024. Hospitalization rates and descriptive statistics were calculated.

Results: a total of 126 hospitalizations for urolithiasis in pregnant women were recorded, with Yucatán showing the highest rate (11.69/1,000 live births). Most cases were young primigravidas (mean 25.49 years), with 47.61 % occurring in the second trimester. Differences were found in the proportion of women with obesity between urolithiasis patients and the general female population of reproductive age.

Conclusions: gestational urolithiasis is more common in young and first-time mothers. These findings provide novel data for developing regional preventive policies and improving prenatal care, emphasizing timely diagnosis and follow-up.