Trastornos de la tiroides y su asociación con el cáncer de próstata: una revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48193/t1d7b882Palabras clave:
hormonas tiroideas, neoplasia prostática, cáncer de próstata, hipotiroidismo e hipertiroidismoResumen
La glándula prostática está compuesta por células epiteliales con receptores de andrógenos que regulan su ciclo celular. Los cambios endocrinos asociados con el envejecimiento se convierten en uno de los principales problemas para el desarrollo de trastornos prostáticos como el cáncer de próstata. Las hormonas tiroideas son un conjunto de hormonas responsables de regular el metabolismo basal y energético, influyendo en la regulación del ciclo celular y facilitando la proliferación y diferenciación celular. Los trastornos tiroideos, cada uno caracterizado por un perfil bioquímico particular, son comunes en la población, y la evidencia acumulada hasta la fecha los sugiere como un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de mama, pulmón y colorrectal. En cuanto al cáncer de próstata, estudios in vitro y clínicos respaldan que el hipertiroidismo, caracterizado por un aumento de las concentraciones séricas de hormonas tiroideas y una disminución de la TSH, se considera un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de próstata, aumentando la probabilidad de inmortalización celular al estimular la transcripción génica y la proliferación descontrolada. Por lo tanto, los trastornos tiroideos como el hipertiroidismo deben considerarse un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de próstata. En poblaciones más jóvenes, parece que el hipotiroidismo con concentraciones elevadas de TSH afecta a las células prostáticas, aumentando el riesgo de cáncer en esta población. Sin embargo, existen menos estudios que respalden esta idea.
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