Asociación entre la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico y la urolitiasis: un estudio transversal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48193/e8c81943Palabras clave:
Enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico, Urolitiasis, Síndrome metabólico, Resistencia a la insulina, Tomografía computarizada, Cálculos renalesResumen
Antecedentes: la urolitiasis, la formación de cálculos renales, se asocia con enfermedades crónicas como el síndrome metabólico, que aumenta el riesgo de cálculos de ácido úrico y oxalato de calcio. Con base en los hallazgos de la tomografía computarizada (TC), este estudio busca investigar la asociación entre la enfermedad del hígado graso no alcohólico (EHGNA) y la urolitiasis.
Método: se realizó un estudio comparativo transversal durante dos años en el Hospital Razi de Birjand, Irán. Los participantes fueron pacientes de 16 a 80 años con cólico renal, sometidos a tomografías computarizadas abdominopélvicas sin contraste. Los criterios de exclusión incluyeron otras enfermedades hepáticas, consumo excesivo de alcohol y antecedentes de esplenectomía. Los datos se recopilaron mediante una lista de verificación estructurada y se analizaron para detectar la presencia de hígado graso y cálculos renales.
Resultados: el estudio incluyó a 911 participantes, con una edad media de 47,88 años (DE = 16,48). De ellos, 80 presentaban enfermedad del hígado graso y 50 cálculos renales. En contraste, de los 831 participantes sin hígado graso, 356 presentaban cálculos renales. La asociación entre hígado graso y cálculos renales fue significativa (p < 0,001). El análisis estratificado por género mostró que los hombres con hígado graso presentaron una mayor incidencia de cálculos renales en comparación con las mujeres (p < 0,001 para hombres, p = 0,631 para mujeres).
Conclusión: el estudio confirma una asociación significativa entre la EHGNA y la urolitiasis, especialmente en hombres. Los hallazgos sugieren que la detección de cálculos renales en pacientes con enfermedad del hígado graso podría ser beneficiosa. Abordar los trastornos metabólicos subyacentes podría ayudar a mitigar el riesgo de desarrollar ambas afecciones.
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